A common challenge one would face when using any CMS is the constant back and forth between developer and content teams. Be it planning and updating content structures in the backend or rearranging content on the frontend of an application, making changes almost always means additional work for both teams. It gets even harder when there is uncertainty around the content structure, how often the content will be updated, and what it will look like. Strapi has an interesting way of making this process more efficient and it comes in the form of a feature called Dynamic Zones.

Dynamic Zones is a new native feature in Strapi that lets teams build reusable content models and minimize the number of changes developers need to make to add new content. It lets your developers build web experiences and have a good night's sleep without worrying about all the content being seamlessly added by the content managers.

In this tutorial, you will build a company website with Nuxt.js that utilizes Strapi Dynamic Zones. You will also learn how to consume data from the Strapi GraphQL API and render that data in a Nuxt application.

• Demo
• GitHub Repo

Prerequisites

• An LTS version of Node.js
• Either Yarn or npm
• Basic knowledge of Nuxt.js

What to expect

Your Strapi Backend

Installing Strapi and creating a new project Create an Administrator user Create a Pages Collection Type Create an Image component Create a Quote component Create a Rich Text component Create a Dynamic Zone Add content to the Pages Collection Type Set Roles and Permissions Send requests to the Collection Types API

Your Nuxt Frontend

Installing Nuxt and creating a new project Building our Header component Building our Hero component Building our ContentGrid component Building our Footer component Adding GraphQL support to our application Creating our about page Creating other pages Setting up Apollo client to work with GraphQL Unions

Let’s get into what this company website will look like. The website will have four pages - a home page, about page, team page, and testimonials page. The pages share a few common elements, each has a title and description. However, the about page needs a few images and some rich text, while the testimonial page needs a couple of quotes and an image. The remaining pages follow suit and need different types of content. Besides building a content model, we might need to update content by adding a few customer reviews, team quotes, and even add a video or two.

Traditionally, this would mean creating different content models for each page, with Dynamic Zones you can create a single reusable content model that gives you the flexibility to add content you need on the fly. Visually it would look a little like this.

Now that you understand where Dynamic Zones fit in your application and content workflow, you can get started with building one.

Your Strapi Backend

1. Installing Strapi and creating a new project Open your terminal.

• Run yarn create strapi-app backend --quickstart - this creates a new folder called backend and builds the admin UI.

2. Create an Administrator user Navigate to http://localhost:1337/admin.

• Complete the form to create the first Administrator user.
• Click Ready to start

3. Create a Pages Collection Type Navigate to Content-Types Builder under Plugins** in the left-hand menu.

• Click the "+ Create new collection type" link
• Name it pages and click continue
• Add a Text field (short text) and name it Title
• Click the "+ Add another field" button
• Add another Text field (long text) and name it Description
• Click the Save button and wait for Strapi to restart

These fields will store the title and description of your pages.

You will need images, quotes, and rich text in your Dynamic Zone, so you will build out components for each.

4. Create an Image component

Navigate to Content-Types Builder under Plugins in the left-hand menu.

• Click the "+ Create new component" link
• Name your new component Image and pick an icon
• Create a new category for your component called pages
• Add a Media field (single media) and name it image
• Click the "+ Add another field" button
• Add a Text field (long text) and name it caption.
• Click the Save button and wait for Strapi to restart

5. Create a Quote component Navigate to Content-Types Builder** under Plugins in the left-hand menu.

• Click the "+ Create new component" link
• Name your new component Quote and pick an icon
• Select the pages category for your component
• Add a Text field (long text) and name it quote
• Click the "+ Add another field" button
• Add a Text field (short text) and name it quoter
• Click the Save button and wait for Strapi to restart

6. Create a Rich Text component Navigate to Content-Types Builder** under Plugins in the left-hand menu.

• Click the "+ Create new component" link
• Name your new component richText and pick an icon
• Select the pages category for your component
• Add a Rich Text field and name it richText.
• Click the Save button and wait for Strapi to restart

Now that you have created your components, you can create a Dynamic Zone.

7. Create a Dynamic Zone Navigate to Content-Types Builder** under Plugins in the left-hand menu.

• Click the "+ Add new field to this collection" link
• Add a Dynamic Zone and name it pageZone
• Click “Use an existing component”
• Under the Pages category, select the Image, Quote, and richText components
• Click the Finish button
• Click the Save button and wait for Strapi to restart

There you go! You have a Dynamic Zone in your Pages collection.

Now that you've built your Pages collection, you can add content to it.

8. Add content to the Pages Collection Type Navigate to Pages** under Collection Types in the left-hand menu.

• Click “Add new Pages”
• Fill in this information in the fields specified :

Title: About Description: What we're about image: Image of Man on a Desk caption: Who we are as a company richText: We're a company specialized in keeping people happy. Our products speak to this goal. You want it? We've got it.

Click Save

You can get the content for the teams, testimonials, and home page on this Notion page.

It’s here that you start to see what Dynamic Zones can do. While adding content, whenever you click ‘Add to pageZone’, you have the option to add different components to your page.

Before making requests, you need to make your Pages collection type accessible by tweaking its permissions.

9. Set Roles and Permissions Navigate to Settings then Roles & Permissions**.

• Click the Public Role
• Scroll down under Permissions, find Pages
• Tick the boxes next to find and findone
• Click Save

You have a collection type, you’ve added some content to it, you’ve set up permissions, let’s send requests to your API? Yes!

10. Send requests to the Collection Types API Navigate to http://localhost:1337/pages to query your data.

If everything went on smoothly, you should get back some JSON data containing the content you just added. For this tutorial, however, you will be using Strapi's GraphQL API.

To enable it, navigate to ./backend

• Run cd backend to change directories
• Run yarn strapi install graphql to install the GraphQL plugin

or

Navigate to Marketplace under General in the left-hand menu.

• Click Download on the GraphQL card
• Wait for Strapi to restart.

When you have the GraphQL plugin up and running, you can test queries in your GraphQL Playground.

That is all for your backend. Now to render all this beautiful content.

Your Nuxt Frontend

1. Installing Nuxt and creating a new project Open your terminal.

• Run yarn create nuxt-app frontend - this creates a folder called frontend that houses our Nuxt frontend.
• Run cd frontend to change directories
• Run yarn dev to run your app on https://localhost:3000 to see that everything is working well.

You should see the usual Nuxt starter page.

Your application will be built out with a couple of components.

• Header.vue - To let you navigate between pages
• Hero.vue - To display your page title and description
• ContentGrid.vue - To render content from the Dynamic Zone
• Footer.vue - To display copyright and image attributions

2. Building our Header component Navigate to ./frontend/components

Create a file called Header.vue and paste the following code in it.

<template>
    <header class="header">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="left">
                <nuxt-link to="/" class="home-link">
                    <b>Company X </b>
                </nuxt-link>
            </div>
            <nav class="nav right">
                <nuxt-link class="nav__link" to="/about">About Us</nuxt-link>
                <nuxt-link class="nav__link" to="/team">Team</nuxt-link>
                <nuxt-link class="nav__link" to="/testimonials">Testimonials</nuxt-link>

            </nav>
        </div>
    </header>
</template>

<script>
export default {
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.header {
    position: relative;
    height: 6rem;
    z-index: 10;
}
.header.sticky {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
}
.header > .container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: 100%;
}
.home-link {
    text-decoration: none;
}
.logo {
    height: 4.5rem !important;
}
.site-name {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;   
}
.nav > * {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-top: 4px;
    margin-right: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid;
    border-color: transparent;
    transition: border 0.15s;
}
.nav > *:last-of-type {
    margin: 0;
}
.nav > *:hover {
    border-color: inherit;
}
.nav > .active {
    border-color: inherit;
}
</style>

This component gives you a header to navigate through different pages with the <nuxt-link> tag.

3. Building our Hero component Navigate to ./frontend/components

Create a file called Hero.vue and paste the following in it.

<template>
  <div class="hero">

    <!-- Displays page Title and Description -->
    <div v-for="contents in content" :key="contents.id">
      
        <h1 class="hero-title" v-html="contents.Title" />
        <h2 class="hero-subtitle" v-html="contents.Description" />

    </div>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // content is query data from parent page
  // title is the page title of parent page
  props: ["content", "title"]
};
</script>

<style>
.hero {
  text-align: center;
  width: 480px;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4rem 0 8rem 0;
}
.hero-title {
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
}
.hero-title p,
.hero-subtitle p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.15em;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.68;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  opacity: 0.6;
}
</style>

This component gets the props, content and title passed to it from its parent. title is the name of the page that you want to display data for. content is the query result that contains the page content you added earlier. Then you go on to display the title and description.

4. Building our ContentGrid component Navigate to ./frontend/components

Create a file called ContentGrid.vue and paste the following code in it.

<template>
  <div class="hero">
    <div v-for="contents in content" :key="contents.id">
      <div v-for="zone in contents.pageZone" :key="zone.id" class="project">
        <!-- Display all richText here -->
        <div class="sub-text" v-if="zone.__typename === 'ComponentPostRichText'">
          <p>{{ zone.richText }}</p>
        </div>

        <!-- Displays all Quotes here -->
        <div v-if="zone.__typename === 'ComponentPostQuote'">
          <p class="subtitle">{{ zone.quote }}</p>
          <p class="sub-text">by {{ zone.quoter}}</p>
        </div>

        <!-- Displays all Images -->
        <div class="sub-text" v-if="zone.__typename === 'ComponentPostImage'">
          <img :src="zone.image.url" />
          <p class="sub-text hero-subtitle">{{ zone.caption }}</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // content is query data from parent page
  // title is the page title of parent page
  props: ["content", "title"]
};
</script>

<style scoped>
.hero {
  text-align: center;
  width: 650px;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1rem 0 8rem 0;
}
.sub-text {
  padding: 0 0 3rem 0;
}
.hero-subtitle p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.68;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.subtitle {
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.68;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.project {
  grid-column: auto / span 2;
  text-align: center;
}
@media (min-width: 920px) {
  .project {
    grid-column: auto / span 1;
  }
  .project:nth-child(3n + 1) {
    grid-column: auto / span 2;
  }
}
</style>

This is where you render the content from your Dynamic Zone. Just like Hero.vue, ContentGrid.vue gets props, content, and title passed from its parent. title is the name of the page that you want to display data for. content is the query result that contains the page content you added earlier. The Dynamic Zone data is stored in contents.pageZone and you use v-for to iterate through it.

Each component in the Dynamic Zone has its own type. In the code above, you create a zone in our component to display all the rich text by comparing the __typename with the type of the rich text component. You get this from exploring for our schema in our GraphQL Playground. This lets us display the rich text using zone.richText.

Similarly, with the other components in your Dynamic Zone, you can use the same approach to create zones that display data that matches their type. You can also do this for any subsequent components you add to the Dynamic Zone that you want to render in your frontend.

5. Building our Footer component Navigate to ./frontend/components

• Create a file called Footer.vue and paste the following code.

<template>
    <footer class="footer">
        <div class="container">
            <span v-html="settings.footer" /> <span> Thanks to <a href="https://unsplash.com/@wocintechchat">Christina</a>,<a href="https://unsplash.com/@galina88"> Galina </a>and <a href="https://unsplash.com/@bkotynski">Bethany</a> for the images.</span>
        </div>
    </footer>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    data() {
        return {
            settings: require("../data/info.json")
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.footer {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 6rem 0;
}
</style>

This component displays some information at the bottom of your page.

6. Adding GraphQL support to our application You’re almost ready to query your API and run your application. You will need to install a few packages to make sure GraphQL works in your application.

• Run yarn add apollo-cache-inmemory graphql-tag graphql to install them.
• Paste the following code in nuxt.config.js:

....
apollo: {  
  clientConfigs: {
    default: '@/graphql/config/config.js'
  }
},
....

We will add data to this file later.

Next up, in frontend/graphql/queries create a file called content.js and paste this in it.

import gql from "graphql-tag";

// Main query to get page-specific content

export const contentQuery = gql`
query Pages($Page: String!) {
  pages: pages(where: { Title: $Page }) {
    Title
    Description
    pageZone {
      ... on ComponentPagesImage {
        caption
        image {
          url
        }
      }
      ... on ComponentPagesQuote {
        quote
        quoter
      }
      ... on ComponentPagesRichText {
        richText
      }
    }
}
}
`

You can test this query in your GraphQL Playground - it gets page-specific content.

Now that you have your components created, you can piece together and create your about page. To create a route in Nuxt, all you have to do is add a new file to your pages directory.

7. Creating our about page Navigate to ./frontend/pages.

Create a file called about.vue and paste the following code in it.

<template>
  <div>
    <Header />
    <Hero :title="title" :content="pages" />
    <ContentGrid :title="title" :content="pages" />
    <Footer />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Header from "@/components/Header"
import Footer from "@/components/Footer"
import Hero from "@/components/Hero.vue"
import ContentGrid from "@/components/ContentGrid"
import { contentQuery } from "~/graphql/queries/content"
export default {
  components: {
    Header,
    ContentGrid,
    Footer,
    Hero,
    
  },
  data() {
    return {
      pages:[], //query result
      title: "About" //page title
    };
  },
  apollo: {
    pages: {
      query: contentQuery,
      variables () {
        return {
          Page: this.title
        }
      },
      prefetch: true
    }
  }
}
</script>


<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  --color-base: rgb(255, 255, 255);
  --color-base-1: rgb(243, 243, 243);
  --color-contrast: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  --color-contrast-1: rgb(43, 43, 43);
  font-family: -apple-system,system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  margin:0;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  background: var(--color-base);
  color: var(--color-contrast);
  transition: background 0.5s ease;
}
body.dark {
  --color-base: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  --color-base-1: rgb(43, 43, 43);
  --color-contrast: rgb(255, 255, 255);
  --color-contrast-1: rgb(243, 243, 243);
}
h1 {
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.layout {
  padding: 0;
}
.layout.sticky-header {
  padding: 6rem 0 0 0;
}
.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 6rem;
  }
}
a {
  color: inherit;
}
img {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 50%;
}
.label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
</style>

In this file, you import all your components and make a query to your GraphQL API. You then pass the result - pages and the data property page title - title as props into our header Hero and ContentGrid components so that they can display page-specific data.

8. Creating other pages Just like you made your ‘about page’, you can create your home, team, and testimonials pages by pasting the same code and changing the data property title to the name of the page. The home page is an exception, you need to assign the string “Value” to the data property.

9. Setting up Apollo client to work with GraphQL Unions

At this point, if you run the application you should get an error from our Apollo client. Something in the lines of…

You are using the simple (heuristic) fragment matcher, but your queries contain union or interface types. Apollo Client will not be able to accurately map fragments. To make this error go away, use the `IntrospectionFragmentMatcher`... 

Dynamic Zones are of type union and each component has its own type with the corresponding data available inside of that. The default heuristic fragment matcher that comes with Apollo client will not work accurately when using fragments with unions and because of this, you need to use the IntrospectionFragmentMatcher.

You can read into this more in the Apollo Fragments docs.

To implement the IntrospectionFragmentMatcher, navigate to ./frontend.

• Run yarn add -D @graphql-codegen/cli to install GraphQL Code Generator.
• Run yarn add -D @graphql-codegen/fragment-matcher to install the fragment matcher plugin.
• Create a file called codegen.yml and paste this in it.

schema: "http://127.0.0.1:1337/graphql"
generates:
  ./fragmentTypes.json:
    plugins:
      - "fragment-matcher"

This gets your GraphQL schema and generates an introspection file on unions and interfaces so that your Apollo client can work accurately with the unions and their nested types in your schema.

Add the code generation script to our package.json by pasting the following

{
"scripts": {
"generate": "graphql-codegen"
}
}

• Run yarn generate to get the introspection result using the GraphQL Code Generator.
• Navigate to frontend/graphql/config
• Create a file called config.js and paste the following code in it.

import { InMemoryCache, IntrospectionFragmentMatcher } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory'
import introspectionResult from '~/fragmentTypes.json';

const fragmentMatcher = new IntrospectionFragmentMatcher({
    introspectionQueryResultData: introspectionResult,
  });
export default ({req, app}) => {
    return {
      httpEndpoint: process.env.BACKEND_URL || "http://localhost:1337/graphql",
      cache: new InMemoryCache({ fragmentMatcher })
    }
}

… aaand that’s it. Our application should work now as it does below.

Amazing! You have your application rendering Dynamic Zones now, but it doesn’t end here.

The beautiful thing is that if you make any updates to content in the Dynamic Zone, developers don't need to make changes in the frontend. Let's say you want to add a customer review in the form of a quote, all you have to do is make changes to the Testimonials page in the Strapi backend by pressing the plus button and clicking quote. With no changes to the frontend code, the data shows up.

The same thing happens if you want to change the layout and order of data. Strapi lets you rearrange content on a site by tweaking its order in the CMS. Changes reflect with no extra effort from the developers.

Note: When you deploy your application and use it in a Heroku production environment, you would need a third-party provider to deal with uploads - the Strapi documentation has a nice guide on how to use various providers.

That’s it from me today, you can test out the working website or have a look at the GitHub repo. Hopefully, now, you have a better idea of how Dynamic Zones work and how best you can leverage them. It is an extremely powerful feature with limitless possibilities and I can’t wait to see what you build! Till next time.